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Types of computers


         Based on principle of operation computers are divided into three types. Analog, Digital, Hybrid. But all computers have same Characteristics. 
Analog computer:
       Analog computers are that computers which work on continues range of values. the results given by analog computers are approximate values science they deal with quantities that vary continuously. It generally deals with physical variables such as voltage, pressure, temperature, speed ect.   
Digital computer:
      Digital computer operates on digital data such as numbers. It uses binary number system on digital data 0 and 1. Each one is called bit. The digital computer is designed using digital circuits in which there are two levels for an input and output signal. Digital computers have an increasing in the field of design, research and data processing.
Hybrid Computer:
          Hybrid computer combines the desirable features of Analog and Digital computers. It is mostly used for automatic operations of complicated physical processes and machines. Now a days analog to digital and digital to analog converters are used for transforming the data into suitable form for either types of computation.
Based on configurations/ Digital computer types:

The four basic types of computers are as under:
                                                                              Supercomputer
                                                                              Mainframe Computer
                                                                              Minicomputer
                                                                              Microcomputer
Supercomputers:


    The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the Supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by large organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like ISRO uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose.
      The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size. It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms some super computers can span an entire building.

       Cost : Million Dollars.
    Speed : 60 billion instructions / sec.
       Size : Large in size. 
Example:

   * India's one of the super computer is Param Yuva 2.



Mainframe computer:



   Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they are quite expensive, and many large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations. 
     The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms because of its size. Mainframe computers process & store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students & insurance policy holders.
       Cost : Hundred Dollars.
    Speed : 250 million instructions / sec.

       Size : Large in size but small compare with Supercomputer.
Example:
       * IBM System z9 

Minicomputer:
    Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as “Mid-range Computers”. These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes. 
   These computers are not designed for a single user. Individual departments of a large company or organizations use Mini-computers for specific purposes.For example, a production department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain production process.
       Cost : Lesser than Hundred Dollars.
    Speed : 100 to 150 million instructions / sec.

       Size : Small size like microcomputer.
Example:

       *  IBM's AS/400e

Microcomputer:
      Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets & smartphones are all types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing computers. These computers are the cheapest among the other three types of computers. The Micro-computers are specially designed for general usage like entertainment, education and work purposes. Well known manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony & Toshiba.
    Desktop computers, Gaming consoles, Sound & Navigation system of a car, Netbooks, Notebooks, PDA’s, Tablet PC’s, Smartphones, Calculators are all type of Microcomputers.

Comments

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